About this time he became involved in a literary imbroglio with Lord Byron.
But the unauthorized publication (1817) of Wat Tyler, an early verse drama reflecting his youthful political opinions, enabled his enemies to remind the public of his youthful republicanism. In 1813 Southey was appointed poet laureate through the influence of Sir Walter Scott. His edition (1817) of Sir Thomas Malory’s 15th-century Le Morte Darthur played an important part in generating renewed interest in the Middle Ages during the 19th century. Of most interest today are those articles urging the state provision of “social services.” He also worked on a projected history of Portugal that he was destined never to finish only his History of Brazil, 3 vol. During 1809–38 he wrote, for the Tory Quarterly Review, 95 political articles, for each of which he received £100. He was forced to produce unremittingly-poetry, criticism, history, biography, journalism, translations, and editions of earlier writers. The Southeys had seven children of their own, and, after Coleridge left his family for Malta, the whole household was economically dependent on Southey. Southey’s friendship with Wordsworth, then at nearby Grasmere, dates from this time. The Southeys remained at Greta Hall for life, partly so that Sara and Edith could be together. In 1803 the Southeys visited the Coleridges, then living at Greta Hall, Keswick. Southey also did translations, edited the works of Thomas Chatterton, completed the epic Thalaba the Destroyer (1801), and worked on the epic poem Madoc (1805). In these years he composed many of his best short poems and ballads and became a regular contributor to newspapers and reviews. In 1797 he began to receive an annuity of £160 that was paid to him for nine years by an old Westminster school friend, Charles Wynn, and in 1797–99 he published a second volume of his Poems. While in Portugal he wrote the letters published as Letters Written During a Short Residence in Spain and Portugal (1797), studied the literature of those two countries, and learned to “thank God an Englishman.” So began the change from revolutionary to Tory. That same year he went to Portugal with his uncle, who was the British chaplain in Lisbon. In 1795 he secretly married Edith Fricker, whose sister, Sara, Coleridge was soon to marry. Love literature? This quiz sorts out the truth about beloved authors and stories, old and new. But his interest in pantisocracy faded, causing a temporary breach with Coleridge. After leaving Oxford without a degree, Southey planned to carry out Coleridge’s project for a pantisocracy, or utopian agricultural community, to be located on the banks of the Susquehanna River, in the United States. He first met Coleridge, who shared his views, in 1794, and together they wrote a verse drama, The Fall of Robespierre (1794). Educated at Westminster School and Balliol College, Oxford, Southey expressed his ardent sympathy for the French Revolution in the long poem Joan of Arc (published 1796). The son of a linen draper, Southey spent much of his childhood at Bath in the care of his aunt, Elizabeth Tyler. 12, 1774, Bristol, Gloucestershire, Eng.-died March 21, 1843, Keswick, Cumberland), English poet and writer of miscellaneous prose who is chiefly remembered for his association with Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth, both of whom were leaders of the early Romantic movement.
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